Table of Contents
Why is it important to know solubility?
The measure of solubility determines how substances dissolve into one another. The substance dissolving into the other is the solute and the substance being dissolved into is the solvent. These factors can accelerate the rate of solubility or they can prevent certain substances from being soluble.
How does solubility affect drug absorption?
Drug absorption depends on the lipid solubility of the drug, its formulation and the route of administration. A drug needs to be lipid soluble to penetrate membranes unless there is an active transport system or it is so small that it can pass through the aqueous channels in the membrane.
What is solubility in physical pharmacy?
Solubility is the capacity of a solute to dissolve in a pure solvent. This means the maximum amount of solute that the pure solvent can hold in solution, at specified environmental conditions. Beyond this saturation concentration, a solute cannot further dissolve in the amount of solvent provided.
Why is aqueous solubility such an important metric in development of medicines?
Solubility, the phenomenon of dissociation of the solute in the solvent in order to obtain a homogeneous system, is one of the most important parameters in order to achieve the desired plasma concentrations of the NDM in the systemic circulation, with significant results in achieving the pharmacological target pursued.
How does solubility apply to real life?
Famous Examples of Solubility in Daily Life Salt or sodium chloride – usually soluble in water at 20 ° C. Sugar usually dissolves in water molecules at 20 ° C. Gelatin – soluble in water in the presence of heat. Powdered juices are a mixture of sugar, flavorings, and preservatives, usually soluble in water at 20 ° C.
What is good solubility for a drug?
A drug is considered highly soluble when the highest dose strength is soluble in 250 mL or less of aqueous media over the pH range of 1 to 7.5.
What will be the particle size after micronization of drugs?
When a drug is said to be micronized, that means its particle size is generally less than 50 microns. When an API is micronized, its particle size is about 4 to 10 times smaller than conventional drug particles.
Why is the solubility of a drug so important?
This problem is a complex one with far-reaching components that make it a critical problem for address in drug development. Drugs that are not-polar are not soluble in water and thus cannot be absorbed by tissue very well. Also, low polarity (and thus low solubility) create effective treatment caps for drugs.
The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) is a guide for predicting the intestinal drug absorption provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. This system restricts the prediction using the parameters solubility and intestinal permeability. Solubility is based on the highest-dose strength of an immediate release product.
How are surfactants used to improve drug solubility?
The use of surfactants to improve the dissolution performance of poorly soluble drug products is probably the basic, primary, and the oldest method. Surfactants reduce surface tension and improve the dissolution of lipophilic drugs in aqueous medium. They are also used to stabilise drug suspensions.
Why is the solubility of liposoluble substances important?
On the other hand, liposoluble substances have difficulty in dissolving in the aqueous medium but have no problems in penetrating through the absorption membranes [21]. Today, research focuses on increasing the number of drugs that have a solubility deficiency in both apolar and lipophilic solvents.