Table of Contents
What molecules make up the side of the molecule?
The phosphate and deoxyribose molecules form the sides of the DNA ladder while nitrogenous bases form the rungs.
What makes up the sides of a DNA molecule quizlet?
The basic structural unit of DNA is made of a phosphate group, a sugar and a nitrogen base. Makes up the sides of the DNA ‘ladder’, alternating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate. There are 4 different bases – A, C, T and G that make up the middle of the Double helix. All of an organism’s DNA information.
What two molecules make up the rungs?
The rungs of the ladder are pairs of 4 types of nitrogen bases. Two of the bases are purines- adenine and guanine. The pyrimidines are thymine and cytosine.
What are the sides of A DNA molecule called?
It has an alternating chemical phosphate and sugar backbone, making the ‘sides’ of the ladder. (Deoxyribose is the name of the sugar found in the backbone of DNA.) In between the two sides of this sugar-phosphate backbone are four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
What are the 4 bases that make up a DNA molecule?
Molecules called nucleotides, on opposite strands of the DNA double helix, that form chemical bonds with one another. These chemical bonds act like rungs in a ladder and help hold the two strands of DNA together. There are four nucleotides, or bases, in DNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).
What makes up the steps of DNA?
The inside of the molecule, the “steps” of the staircase, are made of the nucleotide bases Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, and Thymine. The single stranded templates dictate which bases get laid down. In this way, one DNA strand can become two.
What is rungs in DNA?
The rungs of the ladder are pairs of 4 types of nitrogen bases. Two of the bases are purines – adenine and guanine. The pyrimidines are thymine and cytosine. The bases are known by their coded letters A,G,T,C. These bases always bond in a certain way.
What does DNA do before A cell divides?
Before a cell divides, the strands of DNA in the nucleus must be copied, checked for errors and then packaged into neat finger-like structures. The cell division stages encompass a complicated process that involves many changes inside the cell.
What are the small repeating units of DNA called?
Nucleic acids are polymers, which are large molecules made up of smaller, repeating units that are chemically connected to one another. DNA is composed of repeating units called nucelotides or nucleotide bases.
How much DNA is in a cell?
Each human cell has around 6 feet of DNA. Let’s say each human has around 10 trillion cells (this is actually a low ball estimate). This would mean that each person has around 60 trillion feet or around 10 billion miles of DNA inside of them.
What is DNA and what are its components?
DNA is made up of molecules called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogen base. The four types of nitrogen bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). To make a protein, the cell makes a copy of the gene, using not DNA but ribonucleic acid, or RNA.