Table of Contents
What long chain makes up protein?
polypeptides
A protein molecule is made from a long chain of these amino acids, each linked to its neighbor through a covalent peptide bond (Figure 3-1). Proteins are therefore also known as polypeptides. Each type of protein has a unique sequence of amino acids, exactly the same from one molecule to the next.
What are the 4 monomers of proteins?
Comparing the Biological Macromolecules
| Macromolecule | Basic Formula, key features | Monomer |
|---|---|---|
| Proteins | CHON −NH2 + −COOH +R group | Amino acids |
| Lipids | C:H:O Greater than 2:1 H:O (carboxyl group) | Fatty acid and glycerol |
| Carbohydrates | C:H:O 1:2:1 | Monosaccharides |
| Nucleic Acids | CHONP pentose, nitrogenous base, phosphate | Nucleotides |
What is the monomer of a protein macromolecule?
amino acids
All proteins are made up of different arrangements of the same 20 kinds of amino acids. Amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group (–NH2), a carboxyl group (–COOH), and a hydrogen atom.
What polymers make up proteins?
Proteins. Proteins are polymers made from different monomers, called amino acids . These join together in different combinations to make long strands, which then fold into complex shapes.
What is a chain of amino acid called?
A peptide is a short chain of amino acids. The amino acids in a peptide are connected to one another in a sequence by bonds called peptide bonds. Meanwhile, proteins are long molecules made up of multiple peptide subunits, and are also known as polypeptides.
What is the highest level of protein structure?
tertiary structure
For proteins that consist of a single polypeptide chain, monomeric proteins, tertiary structure is the highest level of organization. Multimeric proteins contain two or more polypeptide chains, or subunits, held together by noncovalent bonds.
What is a chain of monomers called?
Polymers are a class of synthetic substances composed of multiples of simpler units called monomers. Polymers are chains with an unspecified number of monomeric units. a polymer. Homopolymers are polymers made by joining together monomers of the same chemical composition or structure.
How many different types of protein monomers are there?
For proteins, the monomers are amino acids. Polymerization occurs at ribosomes. Usually about 20 types of amino acid monomers are used to produce proteins.
What could be a monomer of protein?
For example, proteins are composed of monomers called amino acids. They are linked together to form a polypeptide chain, which folds into a three dimensional (3D) structure to constitute a functional protein (Figure 1).
What are the general terms for the polymers of proteins?
The general term peptide refers to an amino acid chain of unspecified length. However, chains of about 50 amino acids or more are usually called proteins or polypeptides. In its physiologically active form, a protein may be composed of one or more polypeptide chains.
What is difference between polymer and monomer?
Monomers are small molecules, mostly organic, that can join with other similar molecules to form very large molecules, or polymers. Polymers are a class of synthetic substances composed of multiples of simpler units called monomers. Polymers are chains with an unspecified number of monomeric units.