Table of Contents
- 1 What is pumped across the ETC?
- 2 How are protons pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane?
- 3 Where does the ETC happen in the cell?
- 4 How is 34 ATP produced?
- 5 How does pumped storage work?
- 6 Is pumped hydro renewable?
- 7 Where are the pumps found in plant cells?
- 8 How does pumped storage work in a hydroelectric power plant?
What is pumped across the ETC?
The electron transport chain is a series of electron transporters embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that shuttles electrons from NADH and FADH2 to molecular oxygen. In the process, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, and oxygen is reduced to form water.
How are protons pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane?
The electron transport chain and ATP synthase are embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The electrons flow through the electron transport chain, causing protons to be pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space. Eventually, the electrons are passed to oxygen, which combines with protons to form water.
What is the use of pumped storage plant?
Like every other hydroelectric plant, a pumped-storage plant generates electricity by allowing water to fall through a turbine generator. But unlike conventional hydroelectric plants, once the pumped-storage plant generates electricity, it can then pump that water from its lower reservoir back to the upper reservoir.
What pumps protons across the membrane in photosynthesis?
cytochrome bf
The flow of electrons through cytochrome bf pumps protons into the thylakoid lumen.
Where does the ETC happen in the cell?
Electron transport chain reactions take place inside the mitochondria. Depending on the work the cell does, cells may have more or fewer mitochondria.
How is 34 ATP produced?
The Krebs cycle takes place inside the mitochondria. The Krebs cycle produces the CO2 that you breath out. This stage produces most of the energy ( 34 ATP molecules, compared to only 2 ATP for glycolysis and 2 ATP for Krebs cycle). The electron transport chain takes place in the mitochondria.
Where does pyruvate oxidation occur?
mitochondrial matrix
Pyruvate oxidation steps Pyruvate is produced by glycolysis in the cytoplasm, but pyruvate oxidation takes place in the mitochondrial matrix (in eukaryotes). So, before the chemical reactions can begin, pyruvate must enter the mitochondrion, crossing its inner membrane and arriving at the matrix.
Is NADH an electron carrier?
NADH is the reduced form of the electron carrier, and NADH is converted into NAD+. This half of the reaction results in the oxidation of the electron carrier.
How does pumped storage work?
Pumped storage is the oldest kind of large-scale energy storage and works on a very simple principle – two reservoirs at different altitudes are required and when the water is released from the upper reservoir to the lower reservoir, energy is created by the downflow, which is directed through a turbine and generator …
Is pumped hydro renewable?
Unlike hydro plants of the past, the new generation are embracing pumped hydro technology. Using excess renewable energy at periods of low demand, water is pumped uphill to be stored in a reservoir that functions like a ‘natural battery’.
What happens if the proton pump is inhibited?
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) block the gastric H,K-ATPase, inhibiting gastric acid secretion. This effect enables healing of peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett’s esophagus, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, as well as the eradication of Helicobacter pylori as part of combination regimens.
What is ADP and NADP?
ATP – Adenosine triphosphate. ADP – Adenosine diphosphate. NADP – Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. NADPH – The reduced form of NADP. In the Light Dependent Processes i.e Light Reactions, the light strikes chlorophyll a in such a way as to excite electrons to a higher energy state.
Where are the pumps found in plant cells?
A brief account of some of the most common pumps in plant cells is as follows: These pumps are also known as P-type ATPases and are found in plasma membrane, tonoplast and possibly other cell membranes.
How does pumped storage work in a hydroelectric power plant?
Pumped storage is a method of keeping water in reserve for peak period power demands by pumping water that has already flowed through the turbines back up a storage pool above the power plant at a time when customer demand for energy is low, such as during the middle of the night.
Which is the only pumped storage plant in the world?
Okinawa Pumped Storage Plant is currently the only operational saltwater pumped storage plant in the world. The plant has an energy capacity of 30 MW with an elevation of around 154 meters and an effective head of 136 meters (the difference of 18 m is a way to describe the inefficiencies in the system).
Where does water enter and leave a plant?
Start with water entering the plant at the top of the list. A. Water crosses a semipermeable membrane at the endodermis as it enters the central root system of the plant. B. Water evaporates from the leaves, leaving through the stomata C. Water enters the roots from the soil via osmosis