What causes BCIS?

What causes BCIS?

BCIS is a potentially fatal complication of orthopaedic surgery. Pulmonary embolisation from intramedullary contents is the likely aetiology of BCIS. Rapid hypoxia, hypotension and loss of consciousness are the key signs.

How common is bone cement implantation syndrome?

Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is a rare and potentially fatal perioperative complication of cemented bone surgery. Clinically, it can be as benign as transient desaturation or mild hypotension.

How is BCIS treated?

Early and aggressive resuscitation is the cornerstone of treating BCIS. Fluid resuscitation to maintain preload and inotropes to support ventricular contractility are recommended. Patients with comorbidities and risk factors should be monitored closely during and after bone cementation.

How safe is bone cement?

From current knowledge, cured bone cement can now be classified as safe, as originally demonstrated during the early studies on compatibility with the body conducted in the 1950s.

Can bone cement fail?

Symptoms of bone cement failure include: Unusual inflammation or swelling at the site of the joint replacement. Persistent or chronic pain that does not abate after physical therapy. Decreased range of motion or weakness in the limb that was the subject of the surgery.

Is bone cement considered an implant?

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), is commonly known as bone cement, and is widely used for implant fixation in various Orthopaedic and trauma surgery. Bone cements have no intrinsic adhesive properties, but they rely instead on close mechanical interlock between the irregular bone surface and the prosthesis.

Is bone cement an implant?

Is bone cement painful?

Bone cement, particularly high-viscosity cement, can fragment, causing implants to loosen and debond. This can cause instability, unusual swelling at the joint site, decreased range of motion, and persistent pain.

Is Bone Cement considered an implant?

Is Bone Cement painful?

What is the medical term for bone cement implantation syndrome?

Sir, Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is characterized by hypoxia, hypotension or both and/or unexpected loss of consciousness occurring around the time of cementation, prosthesis insertion, reduction of the joint or, occasionally, limb tourniquet deflation in a patient undergoing cemented bone surgery.[1]

What kind of cement is used for bone implants?

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a type of bone cement commonly used for clinical applications in orhtopaedic surgery. The word cement is misleading, as it implies that it binds two things together, when in fact it acts like space filler, which creates a tight space that holds the implant against the bone.

Is it safe to use cemented hip prosthesis?

National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) Guidelines on primary total hip arthroplasty, recommend the use of cemented prosthesis as they have better long-term viability. (1)

How does the temperature of cement affect the bone?

The cement undergoes an exothermic reaction and expands between the space of the bone and prosthesis trapping air and medullary contents under pressure. The temperature of cement can increase up to 96 degrees centigrade.