How do RNA polymerases from prokaryotes and eukaryotes compare?

How do RNA polymerases from prokaryotes and eukaryotes compare?

The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA polymerase is that prokaryotes have a single type of RNA polymerase, whereas eukaryotes have three main types of RNA polymerases. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA polymerase are the two types of RNA polymerases present in organisms.

Do both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have RNA polymerase?

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcriptions use a common enzyme, RNA polymerase, to transcribe DNA into RNA. Prokaryotes utilize one RNA polymerase for all transcription of types of RNA. Each of the three RNA polymerases in eukaryotes is responsible for transcribing a unique type of RNA.

What is the name of the binding site of RNA polymerase in eukaryotes?

the nucleolus
Each eukaryotic polymerase also requires a distinct set of transcription factors to bring it to the DNA template. RNA polymerase I is located in the nucleolus, a specialized nuclear substructure in which ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is transcribed, processed, and assembled into ribosomes.

What does RNA polymerase bind to in prokaryotes?

In the absence of σ, RNA polymerase binds nonspecifically to DNA with low affinity. The role of σ is to direct the polymerase to promoters by binding specifically to both the -35 and -10 sequences, leading to the initiation of transcription at the beginning of a gene (Figure 6.4).

Where does the RNA polymerase bind?

promoter
To begin transcribing a gene, RNA polymerase binds to the DNA of the gene at a region called the promoter.

What binds to the promoter in prokaryotic cells?

The promoter contains specific DNA sequences that are recognized by proteins known as transcription factors. These factors bind to the promoter sequences, recruiting RNA polymerase, the enzyme that synthesizes the RNA from the coding region of the gene.

Where is RNA polymerase found in eukaryotes?

nucleolus
Each eukaryotic polymerase also requires a distinct set of transcription factors to bring it to the DNA template. RNA polymerase I is located in the nucleolus, a specialized nuclear substructure in which ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is transcribed, processed, and assembled into ribosomes (Table 1).

What is the sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds?

RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA, using the antisense strand of the DNA as template by adding complementary RNA nucleotides to the 3′ end of the growing strand. RNA polymerase binds to DNA at a sequence called a promoter during the initiation of transcription.

Where does repressor bind in prokaryotes?

operator
A repressor protein binds to a site called on the operator. In this case (and many other cases), the operator is a region of DNA that overlaps with or lies just downstream of the RNA polymerase binding site (promoter). That is, it is in between the promoter and the genes of the operon.

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes?

The eukaryotic nucleus therefore provides a distinct compartment within the cell, allowing transcription and splicing to proceed prior to the beginning of translation. Thus, in eukaryotes, while transcription occurs in the nucleus, translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

Does RNA polymerase bind to promoter prokaryotes?

In prokaryotes, mRNA synthesis is initiated at a promoter sequence on the DNA template comprising two consensus sequences that recruit RNA polymerase. The prokaryotic polymerase consists of a core enzyme of four protein subunits and a σ protein that assists only with initiation.

Which is required for RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter?

The remaining subunit, sigma factor, is required for RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter.

Where are the promoter sequences located in prokaryotes?

Prokaryotic promoters. In prokaryotes, the promoter consists of two short sequences at -10 and -35 positions upstream from the transcription start site.

How are RNA polymerases similar to eukaryotic rnaases?

Eukaryotic and archaeal RNA polymerases have a similar core structure and work in a similar manner, although they have many extra subunits. All RNAPs contain metal cofactors, in particular zinc and magnesium cations which aid in the transcription process.

Where does RNAP need to be attached to a DNA binding site?

A transcription factor and its associated transcription mediator complex must be attached to a DNA binding site called a promoter region before RNAP can initiate the DNA unwinding at that position.