Table of Contents
What causes adipose tissue dysfunction?
The majority of patients with obesity have an impaired adipose tissue function caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors which lead to adipocyte hypertrophy, hypoxia, a variety of stresses and inflammatory processes within adipose tissue.
What is adipose tissue loss?
Background. Adipose tissue is a type of connective tissue composed of adipocytes. Recently, this tissue has been recognized as a major endocrine organ. The physiological process of fat loss occurs when fats are liberated from adipocytes into circulation to supply the needed energy.
What diseases affect adipose tissue?
Excess adiposity, or obesity, is a major risk factor in several disease states including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hepatic steatosis and at least 13 types of cancers [2–5].
Is adipose tissue unhealthy?
Both too much and too little adipose tissue can have severe health implications. More commonly, too much adipose tissue leads to obesity, mainly from too much visceral fat. Obesity leads to a number of serious health problems.
How does adipose tissue cause obesity?
Dysfunctional adipose tissue is characterized by enlarged adipocytes, vascular rarefaction, increased inflammatory cell infiltrate and the appearance of crown-like structures. In addition to macrophages, other myeloid cells, such as neutrophils and mast cells, contribute to adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity.
How is adipose tissue broken down?
Fat is broken down inside fat cells to generate energy by a process called lipolysis. The resulting fatty acids are released into the bloodstream and carried to tissues that require energy.
When you lose weight do you lose adipose tissue?
When you lose weight, your fat cells start shrinking, releasing lipids and other fats into your bloodstream. These get broken down, and eventually the smaller molecules exit via your urine or breath. But adipose cells release all the other molecules they’ve hoarded, too.
Does adipose tissue cause pain?
The growths cause burning or aching that can be severe, particularly if they are pressing on a nearby nerve. In some people, the pain comes and goes, while in others it is continuous. Movement or pressure on adipose tissue or lipomas can make the pain worse. In some cases, lipomas can impair normal movement.
Is adipose tissue painful?
The pain of their condition is classically described as aching, stabbing, or burning in quality and it is generally symmetric. Typically, pain worsens with palpation. The most common areas of painful adipose tissue include the proximal extremities, trunk, and buttocks.
The objective of this paper is to describe adipose tissue dysfunction, delineate the relation between adipose tissue dysfunction and obesity and to describe how adipose tissue dysfunction is involved in the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 and atherosclerotic vascular diseases.
What kind of cells are found in adipose tissue?
Adipose tissue exists in adipocytes and a vascular-stromal fraction in which macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and pre-adipocytes are present. Pre-adipocytes originate from a multipotent stem cell of mesodermal origin and the potential to generate new fat cells persists during the entire human life.
How does adipocyte dysfunction lead to type 2 diabetes?
Adipocyte dysfunction leads to type 2 diabetes: chronically elevated free fatty acid (FFA) levels inhibit insulin secretion.In vitro, long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA and FFA can open β-cell potassium channels which diminish insulin secretion.
How is the adipocyte sensitive to infectious disease?
Like macrophages, the adipocyte is exquisitely sensitive to infectious disease agents and cytokine-mediated inflammatory signals; it expresses a host of receptors, enabling it to sense the presence of pathogens and inflammation, and on stimulation of these receptors,…