How dangerous is dimethyl sulfate?

How dangerous is dimethyl sulfate?

Acute oral or inhalation exposure to dimethyl sulfate primarily damages the lungs but also injures the liver, kidneys, heart, and central nervous system (CNS), while dermal contact with dimethyl sulfate may produce severe blistering in humans. Human data on the carcinogenic effects of dimethyl sulfate are inadequate.

How toxic is DMS?

DMS is highly toxic for man, particularly for the respiratory tract. Relatively short-term exposure (10 min) to 500 mg/m3 may be fatal. It causes severe inflammation of the eye, respiratory epithelium, and skin that starts minutes or hours after exposure.

Is dimethyl sulfide a carcinogen?

Exposure to test organisms at high concentrations by contact, ingestion or inhalation consistently show low toxicity. DMSO is not listed as a carcinogen by regulatory authorities and is actually used as a neutral solvent in the Ames mutagenicity tests. DMSO is not a teratogen in mice, rats or rabbits.

How do you get rid of dimethyl sulfate?

Dimethyl sulfate may be decomposed by adding a dilute alkaline solution; the mixture should be stirred and then allowed to settle. The resulting solution is then neutralized by acid or alkali as appropriate and drained into a sewer. When rapid decomposition is needed the waste may be warmed.

Is dimethyl sulfate organic or inorganic?

organosulfur compounds of sulfuric acid—such as dimethyl sulfate, MeOSO2OMe, and diethyl sulfate, EtOSO2OEt, made from the alcohols methanol and ethanol, respectively, as well as sulfur trioxide/sulfuric acid—are important industrial chemicals used to introduce methyl (Me) and ethyl (Et) groups into organic molecules.

What does dimethyl mean?

: containing two methyl groups in the molecule —often used in combination.

Is DMS polar Protic?

Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) is a highly polar and water miscible organic liquid. It is essentially odorless and has a low level of toxicity. As do all dipolar aprotic solvents, DMSO has a relatively high boiling point.

How is dimethyl sulfate formed?

Dimethyl sulfate can be synthesized in the laboratory by many different methods, the simplest being the esterification of sulfuric acid with methanol: 2 CH3OH + H2SO4 → (CH3)2SO4 + 2 H2O. Another possible synthesis involves distillation of methyl hydrogen sulfate: 2 CH3HSO4 → H2SO4 + (CH3)2SO.

Is dimethyl sulfoxide toxic?

DMSO is a non-toxic solvent with a median lethal dose higher than ethanol (DMSO: LD50, oral, rat, 14,500 mg/kg; ethanol: LD50, oral, rat, 7,060 mg/kg). DMSO can cause contaminants, toxins, and medicines to be absorbed through the skin, which may cause unexpected effects.

Is DMSO toxic to humans?

This relatively high dose changed the view on DMSO toxicity and the FDA classified DMSO in the same class as ethanol, namely class 3 solvent, which is the safest category with low toxic potential at levels normally accepted in pharmaceuticals8. This made the wide use of DMSO possible.

How is dimethyl sulfate produced?

Dimethyl sulfate can be synthesized in the laboratory by many different methods, the simplest being the esterification of sulfuric acid with methanol: Methyl nitrite and methyl chlorosulfonate also result in dimethyl sulfate: CH3ONO + (CH3)OSO2Cl → (CH3)2SO4 + NOCl. Me2SO4 has been produced commercially since the 1920s …

What is dimethyl sulfide used for?

It is used as a presulfiding agent to control the formation of coke and carbon monoxide in ethylene production. DMS is also used in a range of organic syntheses, including as a reducing agent in ozonolysis reactions. It also has a use as a food flavoring component.

Which is more toxic dimethyl sulfate or sulfuric acid?

Dimethyl sulfate is a colorless oily liquid, odorless to a faint onion-like odor. It is very toxic by inhalation. It is a combustible liquid and has a flash point of 182°F. It is slightly soluble in water and decomposed by water to give sulfuric acid with evolution of heat.

Why is Dimethylcadmium the most toxic chemical in the world?

Dimethylcadmium is extremely carcinogenic, which means that if cellular destruction doesn’t do you in, cancer eventually will. Dimethylcadmium violently reacts with (i.e. explodes in) water, as it generates copious amounts of hydrogen gas and heat.

How is the IDLH for dimethyl sulfate determined?

Other human data: None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH. Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for dimethyl sulfate is 7 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in humans [Deichmann and Gerarde 1969].

How is dimethyl sulfate a potential occupational carcinogen?

NIOSH REL: 0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m 3) TWA [skin]; NIOSH considers dimethyl sulfate to be a potential occupational carcinogen as defined by the OSHA carcinogen policy [29 CFR 1990]. Description of Substance: Colorless, oily liquid with a faint, onion-like odor.