Table of Contents
- 1 Does DNA go to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm?
- 2 How does genetic information reach the cytoplasm?
- 3 Why does a ribosome need the information in DNA?
- 4 What is the information in DNA and how is it used to build proteins?
- 5 How is information from DNA used to make proteins?
- 6 How are amino acids assembled in the ribosome?
Does DNA go to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm?
In addition to mRNA, there are two other major types of RNA: ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA). To make RNA, DNA pairs its bases with those of the “free” nucleotides (Figure 2). Messenger RNA (mRNA) then travels to the ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm, where protein synthesis occurs (Figure 3).
How does genetic information reach the cytoplasm?
Translation: polypeptide synthesis After the introns are removed, the mRNA moves out into the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores and binds to a ribosome. Each ribosome is composed of proteins and a class of RNA called ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which is a strand transcribed from the DNA in the nucleolus.
Where do ribosomes get the information?
Ribosomes receive information from the cell nucleus and construction materials from the cytoplasm. Ribosomes translate information encoded in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). They link together specific amino acids to form polypeptides and they export these to the cytoplasm.
Why does a ribosome need the information in DNA?
Ribosomes are proteins that read messages in the mRNA and convert them into a string of amino acids (the basic building blocks of proteins). There are 20 different amino acids used to translate mRNA into protein. Messages in the DNA (and the mRNA) are coded such that ribosomes have to use a key to translate them.
What is the information in DNA and how is it used to build proteins?
First, enzymes read the information in a DNA molecule and transcribe it into an intermediary molecule called messenger ribonucleic acid, or mRNA. Next, the information contained in the mRNA molecule is translated into the “language” of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.
Where does the information stored in a gene go?
During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene’s DNA is passed to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus. Both RNA and DNA are made up of a chain of building blocks called nucleotides, but they have slightly different chemical properties.
How is information from DNA used to make proteins?
The flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins is one of the fundamental principles of molecular biology. It is so important that it is sometimes called the “central dogma.” Through the processes of transcription and translation, information from genes is used to make proteins.
How are amino acids assembled in the ribosome?
(Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.) A type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) assembles the protein, one amino acid at a time. Protein assembly continues until the ribosome encounters a “stop” codon (a sequence of three nucleotides that does not code for an amino acid).
What kind of RNA is needed to make a protein?
The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Translation, the second step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes place in the cytoplasm.