Table of Contents
- 1 What two components are directly related to aerobic metabolism?
- 2 Which antioxidant nutrient gets rid of both ROS and free radicals?
- 3 What generates free radicals in our body?
- 4 What antioxidants protect us from ROS?
- 5 What are the byproducts of aerobic and anaerobic exercise?
- 6 Which is the most efficient energy source in aerobic metabolism?
Aerobic fitness and aerobic endurance are two separate components of aerobic metabolism. Aerobic fitness, best measured by VO2max, is a measure of oxygen transport and utilization. Aerobic endurance is not measured in a VO2max test because it does not measure the ability of the muscle to perform prolonged work.
Where do free radicals come from?
Production of free radicals in the human body Free radicals and other ROS are derived either from normal essential metabolic processes in the human body or from external sources such as exposure to X-rays, ozone, cigarette smoking, air pollutants, and industrial chemicals.
What are examples of free radicals?
Table 1
| Free radical | Symbol | Half-life |
|---|---|---|
| Hydrogen peroxide | H2O2 | Stable |
| Singlet oxygen | 1O2 | 10−6 s |
| Ozone | O3 | s |
| Organic peroxide | ROOH | Stable |
Which antioxidant nutrient gets rid of both ROS and free radicals?
Vitamin C is thought to be an important water soluble antioxidant which is reported to neutralize ROS and reduce the oxidative stress [8, 10]. Vitamin C is a potent reducing agent and scavenger of free radicals in biological systems [11].
What is aerobic metabolism?
Listen to pronunciation. (ayr-OH-bik meh-TA-buh-lih-zum) A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars). Also called aerobic respiration, cell respiration, and oxidative metabolism.
What process is found in both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?
There are two types of cellular respiration (see Cellular Respiration concept): aerobic and anaerobic. One occurs in the presence of oxygen (aerobic), and one occurs in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic). Both begin with glycolysis – the splitting of glucose.
What generates free radicals in our body?
Free radicals are highly reactive and unstable molecules that are produced in the body naturally as a byproduct of metabolism (oxidation), or by exposure to toxins in the environment such as tobacco smoke and ultraviolet light.
What is a free radical scavenger?
Listen to pronunciation. (free RA-dih-kul SKA-ven-jer) A substance, such as an antioxidant, that helps protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals.
How are free radicals produced in the body?
What antioxidants protect us from ROS?
As the most well-known nutritional antioxidant, vitamin C is capable of reducing oxidative damages and inflammation in the pulmonary system by scavenging excess ROS and activating NF-κB pathway, respectively (Tecklenburg et al., 2007).
What is ROS antioxidant?
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation can induce oxidative stress, leading to cell damage that can culminate in cell death. Therefore, cells have antioxidant networks to scavenge excessively produced ROS. Lowering the levels of oxidative stress by antioxidant supplements is not beneficial in such cases.
What is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism?
Lactic acid is a by-product of anaerobic glycolysis and anaerobic metabolism, both of which occur during strenuous exercise. Although lactic acid is used as a fuel by the heart, an excessive amount of lactic acid in your skeletal muscles slows down contractions, preventing you from maintaining peak performance.
What are the byproducts of aerobic and anaerobic exercise?
Free radicals and heat are byproducts of any type of exercise. In addition, aerobic exercise produces carbon dioxide while anaerobic exercise produces lactic acid.
Where does the oxygen in aerobic metabolism come from?
Aerobic metabolism requires a steady supply of oxygen from the environment to the tissues where it serves as the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain (see also TISSUE RESPIRATION | Mitochondrial Respiration).
How are carbohydrates classified in aerobic metabolism?
AEROBIC METABOLISM. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and classified on the basis of the number of sugar molecules that compose the compound (monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide). Aerobic glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down into pyruvate.
Which is the most efficient energy source in aerobic metabolism?
AEROBIC METABOLISM. Aerobic metabolism is the most efficient mechanism used by the body to convert food energy into energy easily used by the body for fuel. ATP is the primary energy source at rest and during low-intensity exercise. It is composed of a ribose sugar backbone, a nitrogen and carbon chain, adenine, and three phosphate molecules.